Method of perforating webs containing resin



g- 3, 1965 e. s. HELLBERG 3,198,045

METHOD OF PERFORATING WEBS CONTAINING RESIN Filed Aug. 30, 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.1

Izzuenizon CS.H6 Lump z} I Aug. 3, 1965 G. s. HELLBERG METHOD OF PERFORATING WEBS CONTAINING RESIN Filed Aug. 50, 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 3, 1965 G. s. HELLBERG METHOD OF PERFORATING WEBS CONTAINING RESIN Filed Aug. 50, 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Gustav Sigvaid Hellherg,

United States Patent 3,198,645 METHQD 0F PERFGRATEIJG WEBS CONTAINKNG RESHN Johanneshov, Stockholm, Sweden, assignor to Aktieholaget Produktions-Service, Stockhoirn-Valiingby, Sweden Filed Aug. 39, 196i), Ser. No. 52,935 Claims priority, application Sweden, Aug. 31 1%9, 8,046/59 3 Claims. (Cl. 83-13) It has been previously known to obtain perforations in material, such as paper and the like by means of cutter tools or the like for removing the portions of the paper which lie on a patrix and several solutions have been proposed for obtaining perforations according to the working principle. One of the solutions was to arrange rotatable cutting tools in the form of cutters at the patrix roll and which cutters penetrate the paper during operation. Another method consists in the use of non-cutting tools, with the paper being pressed by the tool against the patrix to such an extent that weakened areas are obtained, after which the paper portions thus treated are removed by tangentially acting frictional forces developed by the movement of the tool. Both of these methods in order to obtain an acceptable final result usually require two working tools which operate in opposite directions.

The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement in which preferably only one tool operating in one direction is required, although, of course, the invention is not limited to the provision of one tool only.

The present invention relates to a method of perforating paper and the like including resin constituting substances comprising feeding a paper web onto a rotatable patrix and into contact with relief-like stud portions on the patrix having a shape corresponding to the shape of the perforations, rotating a tool against the paper into contact with the studs of the rotatable patrix to work the paper web against the studs and produce the perforations, and

producing a resinous coating upon the peripheral surfaces of the studs and tool to provide a working surface for the studs and tool to accomplish the perforating operation. Further objects and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following detailed description and annexed drawings, and in which drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view in side elevation and partly in cross-section of the components essential for effecting the perforation of the paper web according to the invention,

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view partly in elevation and partly in cross-section of the patrix and the tool showing the relationship between a stud on the patrix, the paper and a rim on the tool during an initial phase of the method,

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating the relationship after a coating has been obtained on the stud and .rim, and

FIG. 4 is a view in side elevation and partly in crosssection of an arrangement for maintaining the coatings obtained by the studs and rims.

As shown in FIG. 1 a paper Web 2 Wound on a supply reel 1 is adapted to run over a freely rotatable roller 3 and thereafter about cylindrical surface 5 of a patrix roll 4. The roll is provided with small projecting studs and/or pins 6 of steel which are arranged in the positions corresponding to the positions of the perforations to be formed in the paper web. The studs or pins have end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the desired perforations and a height dimension only slightly greater, for instance 0.1 mm. than the thickness of the paper web. In the drawings, however, the relative thickness of the paper is shown on an exaggerated scale. The studs 6 have an outer surface which is concentric to the patrix roller and a cross section corresponding to the perforations. The patrix roll is driven continuously in .the direction shown by arrow '7 and by means of friction between the studs and the paper web moves the web therewith.

During the rotation of the roll 4, the paper Web coacts with a tool 8 defined by a roll arranged in parallelism to the patrix roll. The tool 8 is provided with firmly clamped rims, cams or the like 9 of steel on the peripheral surface thereof or cut out of the roll and the rims have an end surface concentric relative to the roll 8. Such end surface follows the radius of the roll 8 and the rims function to coact with the portions of the paper Web which lie upon the studs 6. The rims mutually extend in parallelism and are preferably inclined alternately along the roll in different directions, whereby the laterally directed forces caused by the inclination of the rims are equalized. The tool 3 rotates in an opposite direction to that of the patrix roll as shown by the arrow 10, the peripheries of the tool 8 and the patrix roll running in the same direction. The tool, however, has a peripheral speed many times greater than that of the patrix roll.

As shown in FIG. 2, end surfaces 11 of the studs 6 lie in a cylindrical surface coaxialwith the axis of the patrix roll 4. On the end surface 11, a cavity 12 is obtained after a certain operational time due to the fact that the end surfaces of the rims 9 are tempered or provided with a hard metal. Thus, an annular edge portion 13 is also obtained, and which portion has an outer sharp edge and an inner obtuse or rounded edge. The cavity 12 reduces the portion of the paper web which lies upon the stud and which is required to be acted upon for receiving a perforation.

When a stud 6 reaches the operational area of the tool 8, the portion of the paper web supported by the stud will be subjected to an intermittent action of the front edges of the rims 9 in the direction of movement, whereby transverse strips of the paper web are successively removed by the rims as such rims make several operations for each perforation due to the fact that tool 8 has a speed much greater than that of the roll 4. As shown in FIG. 2 a clearance is present between the end surfaces of the rims 9 and the annular shaped edge portion 13 of the studs. It is important that said clearance is not maintained at too low values, i.e. that the clearance must not be below about 2a of a millimeter). This minimum value is independent of the thickness of the paper. Hence, at the beginning no complete removal of the paper portions being worked upon is obtained. Because of operation pressure and frictional heat, certain coatings will be constituted on the rims as well as on the surfaces 13. Upon continued operation, the layer will increase and by means of the strikinglike operations which develop heat the layers will constitute resin-like coatings 14, 15 on the studs and rims, respectively. The coatings will successively increase to such an extent that they will come into contact with each other as is apparent from FIG. 3, i.e. such that no clearance exists between the rims 9 and the end surfaces 13. The paper will, during the continued operation be acted upon by the rims 9 in a combined cutting and wearing fashion by means of the resin-like coatings 14, 15. As soon as the coatings make too hard a contact with each other, the coatings will be worn to a certain extent. However, the paper web continuously supplies new coating material to the studs and rim. It is thus possible to obtain a processing of the paper web which is much superior to the methods previously known, since the tool and patrix by means of the coatings are brought into physical contact thereby producing very sharp edged perforations without any wear of either the tool,or

the patrix. 1

For carrying out the invention, certain conditions must .of .course be satisfied. The material to-be perforated must. includesuch substances as are capable ofv conjstituting coating material during the perforating steps. Further, the humidity and temperature conditions ,of the 'air have to' be maintained with suitable values for ob raining thecoating of the resin'constituting' substances .(i.e. lignine-and wax like. substances). 'Moreover, it is of great importance that the clearance between-the tool iandpatrixis n'ot too small. Ata-very slight clearance, the. build-up of the coating material is' very-effectively counter acted since that the thickness of the coating layer is too small.'andf'presentsproblems respecting adherence to the workingsurfaces inquestionr Inorder to maintain the 'clearan'cerequired between the tool and-patrix and at the same time effectively prevent the removalof the coating,anjarrangement for that purpose and for carrying out the method isshown in FIG. 4'.

As can be seen'jfrom FIG. 4 the patrix roll is supported "by a stand' 16 which is integral ,with a base plate 17. On the base plate, a horizontal shaft 19 is supported by a bearing bracket 18 and the'shaft carries a cradle 20 'swingable' thereabout with a carriage 21 being slidably -arranged thereon. The tool 8 is rotatably supported by the carriage and to adjust the clearance between the 'member 32 may be'defined by a servo-amplifier which controls two solenoid air valves ,in the adjusting device 31 and each. of which is connected to'the cylinder 28 via lines 30. The air pressure control valve in the conduit 37 and nozzle 39"is determined by the diaphragm or pressure sensitive member employed to actuate the electrical contact. 7

The photoelectric cell 33 maybe connected in' any a known manner to the guide 'member or amplifier 32.

I manual means (not shown).

patrix roll and the tool 8, a screw' and nut assembly 23 'is'provided. Such assembly may be locked and is co-' operably associated with an upstanding member'22 of the cradle 20. The vouter end of the cradle 20 is normally adapted to rest against the base plate 17 by-means of an accurate grinded planar surface 124; The cradle may be swung aroundshaft 19 in the directions indicated by the double-headed arrow 25 and the carriage 21 may be moved in the directions indicated by thedouble-headed arrow-26; In order to swing the cradle 20, the carriage 21 and the tool ,8, a pneumatically operated cylinder 28 is located below the base plate on a depending arm 27 carriedptherebyi The cylinder 28 is provided with a piston 29, which is pivotally connected with the cradle and by actuation of the cylinder 28, the cradle "and the remaining parts connected therewith'may be caused to assume the positions 20-218 shown in dotted lines. As shown, the toolmembers have been moved out of contact with the paper web and thepatrix rollf4 by the movement effected and to obtain an accurate longitudinal fmovement of the '.carriage 21, thejsame is guided in grooves (not shown) on the cradle'20.

The cylinder 28is adapted to be actuated by an electrically controllable adjusting arrangement 31 which is connected thereto by lines 30. The last mentioned arrangement is electrically connected with a guide'mern- 'ber 32, which derives impulsespartly from a photoelectric cell 33 through a line 34 and partly from a measuring device 35 through line'36. The device 35 is such that it "converts air pressure values in a pipe line into electrical impulses. A' conduit 37 extends from the device 35 and air flows through such conduit in the direction shown by the arrow 38. The conduit 37 is connected to the stand 16 and is directed towards the tool 8' and ends in, a nozzle 39 which is arranged closely to .a cylindrical surface 40 of the tool 8. This surface 40 is concentric to the working surfaces of the rims 9 and sincethe'nozzle is situated very close to the surface 40,. a certain, flow resistance will be effected for the air in the conduit 37.-

If the surface is moved away from'the nozzle, it will be seen that the pressure in the conduit will drop and'vice versa. The pressure values may be permitted to vary within certain predetermined limits.

The measuring device 35 may include a pressure sensitive member such as a diaphragm which cooperates with an electrical contactso that when the air pressure exceeds a certain limit, the contact closes and thereby activates a circuit to .the guide member 32. The guide 'tion shown.

The member 32 may also be actuated and released by measuring device 35. During this operation, the rolls 4 :and 8am assumed to be stationary and thereafter the .device'35 is adjusted such that the releasing impulses go 'outtothe guide member 32 when the pressures in the conduit 37 correspond to a clearance of 1.5 or less, or '2'.5,u or-more. The paper web is inserted over the rolls as shown, so that the guide member 32 may be connected and the rolls started.-

In case the paper web'breaks or the supply reel 1 is empty, the photoelectric cell 33 will immediately respond and give-a releasing im-pul-se'to the guide member 32,

whereby the roll 8 will be released to the dotted line posi- In case such a releasedoes not occur, the layers on the tooland patrix will be worn in a very short time due to their action against eachother and disappear since in "such -a case no paper would be present therebctween for supplying new coating material. It is of importance that .an even and-homogeneous layer be maintained onthesurfaces.

During operation, it may occur thata certain re-adjusting of the clearance between the patrix and tool will be a :required; Such re-adjusting may be realized by means of the screw .andnut assembly 23in the same way as the ad ustment previously mentioned; If the re-adjustment Would involve bringing the roll 8 closer to the roll 4 than 1.5 the measuringdevice 315 responds and the cylinder 28 ope-rates for swinging the cradle 20 and the carriage 21 upwardly to bring tool 8 out of engagement with the paper web and the patrix roll. In this way not only is the wearing of the layers 14, 15 prevented but also any serious adverse effect'on the tools and patrix in case the same should come in metal to metal contact by an unduly extensive movement of the carriage 21.

All of said protective or safety arrangements are necessary to effect in a practical manner the method according to the invention without'operational difficulties. As mentl0ll6(l, the invention has reference'to the highest precision as to the adjustment of the clearance between the rolls and the peripheral grinding of the rolls'and the tolerances lie inthousandths of a millimeter.

Within the scope of the invention, of course, 'other embodiments ofthe protective or safety devices may come into consideration. The important'aspect is that the layers obtained are not permitted to rub against each other without the supply of paper or coating defining substances.

The clearance between the rolls may, of course, be meas- Juredin other ways 'such as, for'instance by means of capacitive electrical measuring means or the like.

Itshould be mentioned that the clearance between the rolls 1s not in any essential degree dependent on the thick ness of the paper web, but rather on the paper quality with regard to the contents 'of resin constituting substances, and the binding degree of such substances to the paper. The harder the paper, thesmaller clearance that is re;

quired and vice versa. 7 I

What we claim is:

1. A method of perforating paper and the like of a sheet-like form, the steps of which include feeding the paper onto a rotatable patrix and into contact with relieflike stud portions on said patrix having a shape corresponding to the shape of the perforations, rotating a tool against the paper in contact with the studs of the rotatable patrix to work the paper against the studs to produce said perforations, and producing a resinous coating upon the peripheral surfaces of the studs and tool to provide a working surface for the studs and tool to accomplish the perforating operation.

2. A method of perforating paper and the like of -sheet like form according to claim 1, wherein the coatings are allowed to grow in thickness until the coating on the peripheral surfaces of the studs and the coating on the working surfaces of the tool come into physical contact with each other, and wherein the working edges are thus maintained by the supply of resin-like material and continuous wear.

3. A method of perforating paper and the like of a continuous sheet-like form, the steps of which include feeding the paper onto a rotatable patrix and into contact with relief-like stud port-ions on said patrix having a shape corresponding to the shape of the perforations, rotating a tool against the paper in contact with the studs to produce said perforations, and producing a resinous coating upon the peripheral surfaces of the studs and tool to provide a working surface for the studs and tool to accomplish the perforating operation, with said coating-s being allowed to grow in thickness until the same come into peripheral contact with one another.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 6,315 3/75 Eachus 83-13 1,730,196 10/29 Pamphilis 83-506 2,033,181 3/36 Case 83-482 2,571,201 10/51 Clem 83-482 2,607,708 8/52 Nebesar 118-45 2,664,950 1/54 Morgan et a1. 83-482 2,684,117 7/54 \Vood 83-506 2,989,882 6/61 Renrer 83-13 FOREIGN PATENTS 544,986 2/56 Belgium.

ANDREW R. JUHASZ, Primary Examiner.

LEON PEAR, CARL TOMLIN, Examiners. 

1. A METHOD OF PERFORATING PAPER AND THE LIKE OF A SHEET-LIKE FORM, THE STEPS OF WHICH INCLUDE FEEDING THE PAPER ONTO A ROTATABLE PATRIX AND INTO CONTACT WITH RELIEFLIKE STUD PORTIONS ON SAID PATRIX HAVING A SHAPE CORRESPONDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE PERFORATIONS, ROTATING A TOOL AGAINST THE PAPER IN CONTACT WITH THE STUDS OF THE ROTATABLE PATRIX TO WORK THE PAPER AGAINST THE STUDS TO PRODUCE SAID PERFORATIONS, AND PRODUCING A RESINOUS COATING UPON THE PERIPHRAL SURFACES OF THE STUDS AND TOOL TO PROVIDE A WORKING SURFACE FOR THE STUDS AND TOOL TO ACCOMPLISH THE PERFORATING OPERATION. 